Understanding Mood Disorders in Children: Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder
As parents, it’s normal to be concerned when we notice shifts in our children's behavior or emotions. While occasional moodiness is part of growing up, persistent and extreme changes in mood, energy levels, and behavior may be a sign of a mood disorder. Two common mood disorders that can affect children are major depression and bipolar disorder.
Major Depression
Does your child seem sad more often than not? Have they lost interest in activities they once loved, like playing with friends, hobbies, or sports? Depression in children can sometimes look different than in adults. Beyond sadness, a child with depression might:
Withdraw from social activities and isolate themselves
Experience significant changes in sleep patterns (either sleeping too much or struggling with insomnia)
Have a noticeable change in appetite, leading to weight gain or loss
Express feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, or guilt
Struggle to concentrate, affecting their performance in school
Exhibit a lack of energy and seem more fatigued than usual
If you notice these symptoms lasting for more than two weeks, it may be time to seek help from a mental health professional.
Bipolar Disorder
Unlike major depression, bipolar disorder involves cycles of extreme mood swings, often referred to as episodes of mania and depression. These episodes can vary in length and intensity, and children with bipolar disorder may shift between highs and lows much more rapidly than adults.
Signs of mania or hypomania (a less intense form of mania) include:
Periods of unusually high energy, restlessness, and reduced need for sleep
Elevated or irritable mood, often with exaggerated self-confidence
Racing thoughts and impulsive behaviors, such as risk-taking or spending sprees
On the flip side, depressive episodes can mirror those seen in major depression, marked by feelings of sadness, low energy, and hopelessness. The drastic swings between these highs and lows can be emotionally exhausting for a child and confusing for parents.
When to Seek Help
If your child’s mood shifts are impacting their daily life—whether in school, at home, or socially—it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Early intervention can help children with mood disorders develop coping strategies and receive appropriate treatment to improve their quality of life.
In many cases, a combination of therapy, medication, and family support can make a significant difference in managing mood disorders. Keep an open line of communication with your child, letting them know that you’re there to support them through whatever they’re experiencing.
Mood disorders are serious, but with proper care, children can lead healthy, fulfilling lives. If you're concerned, trust your instincts and seek professional guidance. Your child’s mental health is just as important as their physical well-being.
